Adenoids are small clusters of tissue located behind the nasal cavity, at the top of the throat. These structures play a key role in a child’s immune defense, capturing harmful bacteria and viruses that enter through the nose. Typically, adenoids begin to shrink on their own around the age of five and often disappear entirely by adolescence.
Although they serve an important function during early development, adenoids can sometimes become enlarged and cause complications that require medical attention.
What Does It Mean When Adenoids Are Enlarged?
Enlargement of the adenoids happens when they swell, often due to repeated infections, allergies or exposure to environmental irritants. In some children, the swelling persists, which can interfere with normal breathing, sleep patterns and ear function.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
When adenoids grow too large, they can obstruct the nasal airway, resulting in a variety of symptoms that are often noticeable to parents and caregivers:
- Breathing primarily through the mouth, especially while sleeping
- Snoring or making loud breathing sounds at night
- Ongoing nasal congestion or a constantly runny nose
- Recurrent ear infections or fluid buildup in the ears
- Poor sleep quality or frequent awakenings
- A nasal tone to the child’s speech
If these symptoms are present, a healthcare provider may conduct a full evaluation, which generally includes:
- Reviewing the child’s medical background and current symptoms
- Performing a physical exam
- Possibly using imaging or a small scope to visually assess the adenoids
How Are Enlarged Adenoids Treated?
The treatment plan for enlarged adenoids depends on the severity of the symptoms and how much they affect the child’s well-being. Management options may include:
- Watchful waiting if symptoms are minimal or come and go
- Nasal sprays or allergy treatments to help reduce inflammation
- Antibiotics to address bacterial infections
- Adenoidectomy (surgical removal) if the symptoms are ongoing and significantly disruptive
While enlarged adenoids can be troublesome, especially in younger children, they can usually be addressed successfully with the right approach. If your child exhibits signs such as chronic mouth breathing, frequent ear problems or restless sleep, it may be time to consult an ENT specialist.
To book a consultation with the team at Red River ENT Associates, contact us today.
